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ANTH 28 Jan 2002
Modern man, Upper Paleolithic culture, modern h. sapiens
java and peking -> h errectus
lucy, .. -> australopithicines
primate characteristics
ape characteristics
http://gpc.peachnet.edu/~rcarrie/upper.htm
points (img)
free time for precision and specialization
harpoon heads:
spear thrower
Siberian culture in treeless tundra: created shelter from mammoth bones
fire pit with rocks to heat shelter
artist recon of cozy fire, soapstone vessels
art
human depictions are stylized, noticably not as well done as animals
wild deer skin worn by human
"venus" figurines (sp)
drama: diorama on ceiling of room 1 mi down at Lascoux
map of Lascoux (sp!)
artificial lifght: animal fat burned in limestone, soapstone
access: Who painted, Who saw?
carvings: bone teeth, some phallic symbols as well, bone flute
beaded necklace found with remains
Migration from "Old World":
sewing -> surgery?
Cave use?
Physical Variations (gpc.peachnet.edu/~rcarrie/color.htm:
Sahn (sp)
E Africa (Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan)
Sahn
"Negritoes"
New Guinea
Hairiness:
Epicanthic fold:
Sickle cell trait:
Hair color and texture:
test wed!
- 50 multiple choice (scantron green, pencil)
- 3 or 4 short discussion (pen):
- primate traits that combine for cultural advancement,
- significanat early hominid cultural devel.
- thorough and specific answers
- primate traits that combine for cultural advancement,
http://gpc.peachnet.edu/~rcarrie/upper.htm
- Out of Africa Theory
- Upper Paleolithic
- artist recon
- new tech:
- sewing, needles, tailoring -> clothes
- bow and arrow -> weapons
- spear w/ bone and stone points -> short stabbing spears and throwing spears
- "spearchucker" - ada...
- jewelery, cave art -> art
- bone and wood knife (composite) -> tools: handles
- sewing, needles, tailoring -> clothes
- fishhooks
- bone needle -> tents
- carved thighbone w/ animal images?
- animism?
- improved grip?
- personalization?
- kill notches?
- animism?
- detachable, stays in prey
- attach tether
- spring design
- greatly increased force
- rebound sends shaft back to hunter to replace point
- remote locations, high up
- ground paint in limestone floor
- hunting scenes, animals
- handprints, but very few human figures
- Lascoux (SP!), Altamira
- spatter paint
- clay pigments ground into powder
- wet with saliva,
- spit on wall
- and smoothed with twig
- clay pigments ground into powder
- SE Asia: by land until Borneo
- sail from island to island always in sight of land
- Walk from New guinea to Australia
- boats: palm husks, palm fronds, saplings
- spear thrower depicted in Aust. cave art
- E Asia: across Bering ithmus
- simple skin boats
- hopscotch down West Pacific coast
- some migration appears to have come from Iberia (Europe)
- maps of both routes
- size of migratory groups: mostly unknown, but hunting groups were about 25 individuals
- reasons from migration:
- glacier movement in the North
- following animals
- animals following their food
- glacier movement in the North
- not much evidence from fossils
- Uzi (Iceman) has tattoos showing pressure points for acupuncture, and he had arthiritis (sp)
- some very slight evidence he was a sacrifice
- some caves used for art
- some others have debris indicating long habitiation
Physical Variations (gpc.peachnet.edu/~rcarrie/color.htm:
- melanin: activated by exposure to sun
- extended sun exposure leads to
- skin cancer
- destruction of sweat glands
- extended sun exposure leads to
- Khalihari (sp) Desert
- less direct sunlight
- plenty of reflected sunlight
- epicanthic fold : fat around eyes -> built-in squint
- long limbed
- hot, dry, savannah and scrub desert
- longer strides for speed
- more surface area for convection cooling
- more sweat glands
- males rarely ever more than 90 lbs
- small bodies cool better
- less protein needed for survival
- need less than 1K calories / day
- women have fat deposits on back and buttocks
- cycles of food scarcity
- women more likely to survive
- able to carry child and nurse even in scarcity
- Malaysia ...
- adult males rarely exceed 4 ft in height
- easier mobility in dense tropical forest
- need less protein
- children born blond
- hair darkens later
- mostly a N European trait
- uncommon in African, Asia populations
- Ainu: native inhabitants of Japanese islands are quite hairy, even women sometimes
- light skinned: avoid frostbite, process available sunlight for nutrients (Vitamin D -> activates calcium)
- light eyes: see better in low light
- color blindness: see silhouettes clearly, not fooled by camoflauge -> snipers
- stereotypically Asian but actually Mongolian
- Navajo: migrated from snow to plains
- light eyes: slow(er) pupil response
- remedied somewhat by squint
- Mediterranean, Southern India, Southern Arabia, some areas African
- Malaria immunity
- recessive trait: from one parent malarial immunity
- from both parents: serious disease (anemia)
- from neither, malaria (!)
- light hair: northern lattitudes
- tighter curls: insulator
Two points
Point two -- love your choice of music there, my friend. If I had known it was going to be that much drama I would have opted out. God didn't plan it that way, however. :)
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